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Microdiscectomy

Overview

What is Microdiscectomy?

Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to relieve nerve compression caused by a herniated (slipped) disc, most commonly in the lumbar (lower) spine. By removing only the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve, this procedure aims to reduce leg pain, numbness, and weakness, allowing patients to return to comfortable movement and daily activities.

Who is it for?

After non-surgical treatments haven’t provided relief, microdiscectomy may be suggested if you have:

  • Persistent leg pain (sciatica), numbness, or weakness due to disc herniation
  • Confirmed nerve compression on imaging (MRI or CT)
  • Troubles with walking, standing, or daily function because of nerve pressure
  • Symptoms not improving with medications, physiotherapy, or spinal injections​

What the Procedure Involves

Here is what you can expect during a microdiscectomy:

  • The surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia
  • A small incision (about 2–3 cm) is made in the lower back over the affected vertebra
  • Using delicate microsurgical instruments and a microscope, the surgeon separates the muscles and gently moves them aside
  • The portion of herniated disc compressing the spinal nerve is carefully removed, along with any loose fragments or bone spurs, to relieve pressure
  • The nerve is inspected to ensure it is decompressed before closing the incision with dissolvable sutures and a small dressing

Risks and Complications

As with any spinal surgery, there are some potential complications. These include:

  • Infection (rare)
  • Bleeding or blood clots
  • Injury to the nerve root or spinal cord (can cause numbness or weakness)
  • Tear of the protective covering around nerves (dural tear), which may result in a spinal fluid leak
  • Recurrent disc herniation at the same level
  • Failure to relieve pain or recurrence of symptoms
  • Post-operative pain, scarring, or instability (rare)

Most risks are uncommon, and your surgeon will discuss precautions to help minimise them before your procedure.

Recovery Expectations and Duration

Recovery from a microdiscectomy tends to be quicker than traditional open surgery:

  • Most patients are able to leave hospital the same day or after an overnight stay
  • Discomfort and stiffness ease over a few days to two weeks; walking is encouraged early but strenuous activity is limited​
  • Light activities and short walks can usually be resumed within 1–2 weeks, with most desk workers returning to their jobs in 2–4 weeks
  • Bending, heavy lifting, and twisting should be avoided for at least 6 weeks
  • Full recovery, including a return to sport or heavy physical work, is typical within 3 months, although some recovery may continue for longer, especially if nerve pressure was severe or prolonged

FAQs

Will my leg pain go away straight after surgery?
Many patients feel immediate improvement in leg symptoms, but it may take days to weeks for nerves to fully recover. Some temporary soreness in the back or leg is common as your body heals.

Will I need a back brace?
Most people do not require a brace following a microdiscectomy unless advised due to special circumstances.

How soon can I drive or return to work?
You should avoid driving until you can move comfortably and safely—usually within 2 weeks. Desk work can often resume within 2–4 weeks; heavier duties may require longer.