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Laminectomy

Overview

What is Laminectomy?

Laminectomy is a common spinal procedure used to relieve pressure on nerves within the spinal canal by removing a portion of bone called the lamina. This operation is most often performed in the lumbar region (lower back) and is indicated for conditions like spinal stenosis, nerve compression, and persistent leg pain (sciatica) that have not responded to conservative treatments.

Who is it for?

This surgery is recommended for patients experiencing:

  • Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
  • Nerve root compression with leg pain, numbness, or weakness
  • Difficulty walking, standing, or performing daily activities due to nerve pressure
  • Symptoms not improving with medications, physiotherapy, or injections

What the Procedure Involves

  • Performed under general anaesthesia
  • A small vertical incision is made in the affected region of the back
  • The muscles are gently parted to expose the vertebrae
  • The surgeon removes all or part of the lamina, and sometimes ligament tissue, to decompress the spinal nerves
  • Additional removal of bone spurs or disc fragments may occur if needed
  • The incision is closed and you move to recovery
    Most laminectomies take 1 to 2 hours, may be performed as open or minimally invasive procedures, and generally do not involve fusing vertebrae together unless instability is noted during surgery.

Risks and Complications

Possible risks include:

  • Infection (1–5% risk)​
  • Bleeding
  • Damage to the nerve or spinal cord (can cause weakness or numbness)
  • Dural tear (spinal fluid leak)​
  • Spinal instability, possibly requiring future surgery​
  • Blood clots in legs
  • Recurrence of stenosis over time
  • Persistent or new pain, including neuropathic pain
    Most complications are uncommon, and your surgeon will discuss specific risks based on your health history.

Recovery Expectations and Duration

  • Most people stay in hospital between one day and a few nights, depending on age and complexity​
  • Initial discomfort and stiffness are expected for a few weeks
  • Light activity typically begins within a week, with walking encouraged early​
  • Physical therapy may be recommended to improve mobility and strength
  • Most patients experience significant relief from leg and nerve pain quite soon after surgery
  • Full recovery may take 4–6 weeks for simple cases, or several months for complex/multi-level procedures​
    You should avoid heavy lifting, bending, and twisting for at least 6–8 weeks; your surgeon will advise when to return to work and driving.​

FAQs

Will I need a brace after surgery?
Most people do not require a back brace after laminectomy unless instability is present or multi-level surgery is performed.

Will my pain improve straight away?
Leg pain and nerve symptoms are often relieved quickly. Back discomfort and stiffness may persist for a few weeks as you heal.